Attention is important when it comes to transcribing or captioning. DCMP can add captions, audio description, and sign language interpretation to your educational videos and E/I programming. %# , #&')*)-0-(0%()( C Check out the latest issue for many more. You can choose whether to have these contains in parentheses or brackets, or you can select to have them omitted altogether. The final column measures how prematurely each caption appears on the screen by subtracting each captions start time from the accompanying speechs start time. For interpreters, audio describers, parents, and educators working with students who are deaf or blind. DVD. DVD. Follow. After all, the purpose of creating ambience in your music is to transport listeners to another place, whether that place be real or imagined. DVD. This stop caption is paired with [NOISE CACOPHONY], which precedes the stop caption by eight seconds. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: Jon Benjamin Has a Van, Breakdown, 2011. /Interpolate Also in this clip is another reference to indistinct speech: [CROWD CHANTING ON TV]. Examples of these atmospheric variables within the library structure include colour schemes, acoustics, ventilation, lighting . To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: Avatar, 2009. Rather, it powers down. With that being said, lets go through some tips on what you should pay attention to as you take your Rev application test. He has been keenly interested in closed captioning for over a decade and writing about it since 2009. It's also known as atmospherics for short. rev atmospherics examples. Reverb plug-ins like Neoverb can help create atmosphere by giving the illusion of space. The SampleRadar vault is stuffed full of high-quality, royalty-free samples, and every Friday, we're opening it up, picking out a choice selection and letting you download them. Adding movement and variation really helps breathe life into your musical atmosphere. In other situations, certain colors are used throughout the store, or in specific areas, to affect customers in different ways. Find some examples of how the author uses language to instill unease, fear, and tension. This example reads much better because it follows the rhythm of speech, breaking at slight pauses: hit the earth. This caption is preceded in this scene by the very similar reference to (MEN SCREAMING INDISTINCTLY). /Type And, whats extra neat about it is that you can blend between three different reverb styles using the Reverb Blend Pad, making it perfect for designing unique and intricate spaces. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that, Source: This compilation includes frame grabs from, Monk, Mr. Example sounds Pad Synth atmosphere Dark bells Orgonite Atmospheric samples: click to download Atmospheric samples 1 (358MB) Atmospheric samples 2 (348MB) These samples originally appeared on Future Music magazine's cover DVD. You can also do a classic find and replace operation. Even though the song begins with only an electric guitar and a falsetto vocal, the use of reverb on both creates a lush, ambient soundscape. This caption is paired with [screaming continues], which precedes the stop caption by two seconds. The coffee shop industry has become a target for investors due to the increasing consumption and thus demands for coffee. The commercial uses an instrumental version of The Human Leagues huge 1986 hit Human. The music is captioned as [HUMAN LEAGUE PLAYS IM ONLY HUMAN]. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: CSI-NY,Unspoken, 2012. This . This caption is immediately followed by a continues caption: (conversation continues). /CA Cable TV (MSNBC). You want shoppers to feel comfortable browsing your store and . DVD. Editing is performed only when a caption exceeds a specified presentation rate limit. Heres one popular attempt to excavate the meaning of the whisper by applying some audio filters to the clip: Dr. Sean Zdenek is associate professor of technical and professional writing at the University of Delaware. Whether you find foley samples online or record your own with a portable microphone like Spire Studio, incorporating recordings of everyday sounds can help create a sense of environment and provide a little ear candy for the listener. 0 Creating ambient music comes down to defining the space your song will live in and then strategically filling that space with sound. Each element contributes a unique texture to the track, but when combined, they work together to build the environment the song lives in. endobj Here are some of the correct answers to help you in this part of the test. obj To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: State of Emergency, 2013. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: Man of Steel, 2013. Featured captions: [rumbling outside], [mechanical whirring], [electrical humming]. Bath /Image /DeviceRGB View the DCMP Captioning Key for a comprehensive and accessible reference for captioning. The caption becomes intertexually linked to the prior appearances of the same caption, its meaning dependent not only on the context of the scene in which it appears but on the context of its prior appearances as well. This guide explains Rev's expectations for captions quality. stream Featured caption: (LAUGHING CONTINUES). Use an ellipsis when there is a significant pause within a caption. DVD. Each speakers utterances are front-loaded with two manner of speaker identifiers: [MOUTHING]. /S When a speaker cannot be identified by placement and his/her name is known, the speaker's name should be in parentheses. Syncing start times should align within a half second to the start of speech. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: The Walking Dead, Sick, 2012. DVD. Featured caption: (slapping stops). When youre ready to take the application, you can get started right here! Featured caption: (INAUDIBLE). To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: The Artist, 2011. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: Zero Dark Thirty, 2012. DVD. Hi. DVD. This caption is preceded by another kind of chatter caption: [MUFFLED CHATTERING]. Note that the chattering voices are faint and easy for listeners to miss when the captions are turned off. R Featured caption: (music stops abruptly). This caption is preceded by (OVERLAPPING PHONE CHATTER CONTINUES). Cable TV. DCMP can ensure that your content is always accessible and always available to children Featured captions: (LOW, INDISTINCT CONVERSATION), which is preceded ten seconds earlier by (OVERLAPPING RADIO COMMUNICATIONS). It is a direct contributor to the customer experience, which is important to developing your brand and how your brand is perceived. Automate the Reverb Blend Pad position in Neoverb to transition from a small space to a large space, creating the illusion the sound is rushing away from you (or vice versa to bring a distant sound more into focus). JFIF C DVD. For example, if you hear Bengal tiger and you write bang go tiger instead, you are prone to losing a point for your Accuracy. Transcription Captions Global Subtitles Accounting Lets go over each metric step by step and how you can improve on each one. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: Argo, 2012. This caption is preceded by [ominous music playing] and [ominous music continuing]. Featured caption: [SIGHS THEN GRUNTS]. Featured caption: [ ANGRY SHOUTS FROM CROWD CONTINUE ]. Neoverb can emulate all sorts of environmentsfrom a small, tiled bathroom to a grand cathedral. Please rate the quality of this resource. Featured caption: [CHATTERING STOPS]. DVD. We take a look at how you can draw on real world sound phenomena to create mix depth in your music. 0 Featured caption: (in unison) SHUT THE (deleted) UP!, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: South Park, Douche or Turd, 2004. << << How can we help? . To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: The Order, 2003. rev atmospherics examples. These sounds are accompanied by total darkness as we witness the attack through the eyes of the U.S. military. fm22 staff attributes. This stop caption is preceded by [MAN SINGING IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE ON RADIO]. In contrast, captioned modulation can be visually represented as a triangle: swelling sounds move up one sloping side of the triangle and fading sounds move down the adjacent side. Timestamps: 0:16:29 and 0:17:16. Atmosphere definition: The gaseous mass or envelope surrounding a celestial body, especially the one surrounding the earth, and retained by the celestial body's gravitational field. Great! DVD. One of the easiest ways to create atmosphere in music is to simply add a ton of instrument layers. The video you will be captioning in the test is an interview recorded for NASAs Digital Learning Network. 1. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: Two and a Half Men, Ixnay on the Oggie Day, 2010. Cable TV (Adult Swim). 6 /Resources To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: The Order, 2003. Or what are the answers to the Rev test? /BitsPerComponent To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: The Artist, 2011. It will be found both on the burned in caption (if it's displayed) and within the caption editor. Context and subjectivity in sound effects captioning, 7. Sign up for our newsletter and get tutorials and tips delivered to your inbox. Learn More. This Style Guide will help you understand Rev's captioning expectations and learn how to produce high-quality captions for the customer. Hopefully this article has helped you think about how to create ambience in your own compositions and given you some useful techniques for achieving the sound youre going for. /Parent To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: Knight and Day, 2010. This supplemental website includes all of the media clips discussed in Reading Sounds (University of Chicago Press, 2015). This week, we're stepping off the music genre merry-go-round to bring you a wide selection of atmospheric samples. Avoid subjective words, such as "delightful," "beautiful," or "melodic.". Featured caption: [MOTOR REVVING THEN FADING]. Never translate into English. Download to read the full article text Authors and Affiliations University of Stirling, S L Burt & L Sparks Reprints and Permissions But when [Voices Chattering] appears a fifth time in the context of the cemetery, we are primed to expect the orphan kids to reappearand they do. While the motorcycle engine is very loud in this clip, it is only captioned as [engine starts] at the beginning of the scene. Predator: Requiem, 2007. Families and school personnel with at least one early learnerGrade 12 student with a disability can register for free access to thousands of videos. If the video says a speaker's name is John, but you label him Man in your work, you will lose a point for Formatting. DVD. Use one music icon at the beginning and end of each caption within a song, but use two music icons at the end of the last line of a song. /SMask On live TV news, ambience can be created by the sonic properties of spaces themselves, such as the ways in which speech sounds echo off the hard marble surfaces of the US Capitol during satellite interviews with members of Congress. Use italics to indicate the following: an offscreen voice-over reading, when a person is dreaming, thinking, or reminiscing, when there is background audio that is essential to the plot, the first time a new word is being defined, offscreen dialogue, narrator (but only if there is more than one person speaking in a production), sound effects, or music (this includes background music). 2023 WebCents Blog. Featured caption: [music stops abruptly]. scent, and the general feel of both the exterior architecture and interior design of the library. Host Damon Talley interviews NASAs flow director, Ken Tenbusch, at the Kennedy Space Center, where you learn what shuttle flow is. According to McCutchen, the third musical/montage number in Rocky IV is perhaps the greatest montage in the history of montages. In this montage, Rocky drives around at night after the death of his friend Apollo Creed. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: Were the Millers, 2013. Thanks for visiting WebCents and I hope you find it helpful and informative. /CS DVD. This caption is paired with music lyrics and [ Piano ]. This stop caption is preceded by [ Guitar: Heavy Metal ] and [ Video Game: Man Singing In Japanese ]. Of course, feel free to use yourown style if you prefer (but be consistent). DVD. The captions serve to bring these faint sounds forward, thematizing them in the process. DVD. In order to answer this question, it helps to envision the space you want your track to live in. Looking for even more tips for creating ambient music? 521 Swelling and subsiding provide examples of captioned modulation in which sounds fluctuate inside a single caption, in contrast to the world of captioned binaries in which sounds are presented as either on or off. If an applicant nails the test as close to perfect as possible, they will likely be selected to work. Featured caption: [Voices Chattering]. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: The Office, Two Weeks, 2009. 1. You can do both but speaking as someone who started in the video caption side, I found the transcription files to uniformly be such trash quality compared to videos that I almost never do transcription jobs. DVD. The design and colors of Target stores are easily recognizable and induce a bright, vibrant atmosphere. There are specific guidelines in the Style Guide that Rev wants you to follow when formatting your work. All rights reserved. Macy's stores tend to be very organized, polished, and have bright lighting. Right before the car crash, a silent film intertitle says BANG! Because of its placement immediately following a scene in which George (Jean Dujardin) prepares to kill himself by putting a gun in his mouth, we are led to believe that BANG! applies to Georges suicide attempt when in fact it applies to the car crash. Just visit this page and go to the middle of the page to find the transcript of the NASA interview in the video. While there are no language identifiers in this clip, there are multiple language IDs in the movie to remind us that the aliens only speak their own language. DVD. So the style and colors play an important role in this. Text Track Rule Requirements. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: Inception, 2009. If youd like to see what the Style Guide looks like, check out the links below: According to the Style Guide, Rev is going to judge your transcription or caption work based on a few metrics. Featured caption: (DOGS CONTINUE BARKING). To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: A Serious Man, 2009. stream For example, a cello and a clarinet may play the same note at the same volume, but you can still hear the different music made by each. DVD. /Width Perhaps the most famous and parodied example is the sports training montage, made famous in the Rocky films. Featured captions: Verbatim lyrics from Fleetwood Macs Landslide.. Creative Agency a woman with high standards; infosys mysore campus location; attack on titan hallucigenia Once you improve your grammar, youll be able to ace the grammar questions! Recorded on October 12, 2013. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: Aliens vs. DVD. Captioning Key - Elements of Quality Captioning. Featured caption: (RECORD PLAYER STOPS). Featured captions: [CROWD SHOUTING INDISTINCTLY]. It also comes packed with over 2,000 presets to get you started. Cable TV (VH1). 0 There are more than 30 million Americans with some type of hearing loss. It's pretty straightforward to transcribe all the dialogue in your video, but what if you've chosen background music? To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: The Master, 2012. TIP:Be creative! The fading caption suggests that the people monitoring numerous phone conversations for potential terrorist activity have zeroed in on a single conversation of interest i.e. This is basically how a space shuttle is maintained at the facility from the time it lands before it is brought back to the pad for another launch. In the first audio clip, I have a completely dry piano riff I created using NOIRE, a piano library created for KONTAKT by Native Instruments. In this first appearance of [Voices Chattering], the caption is directly identified with the two orphan kids. Examples Foreign policy is all about a universe of bad decisions, imperfect decisions; every situation is different. Featured captions: [indistinct chattering] and [overlapping chatter] describe the background speech sounds on the set as the crew prepares to film another take of the stars dance routine. In other words, [Voices Chattering] prefigures the kids reappearance. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: Aliens vs. Featured caption: [jazz music ends]. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: Family Guy, Blind Ambition, 2005. DVD. Some ambient noise may filter through, but it is more common in a montage sequence to edit out all sounds and set the scene to music. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: Drive Angry, 2011. Using Dash, Rev's Captioning Editor. Featured caption: (CHATTERING AND SINGING STOP). It's up to you to decide what to include. In this second appearance of [Voices Chattering], the orphan kids do not return, only a ghostly [Man Whispering]. Featured captions: [SPEAKING INDISTINCTLY]. Featured caption: (MURMURING STOPS). Courses for students are also available. stream $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? Featured caption: [SILENCE]. Before you submit your application test, make sure your transcription or caption work follows the formatting guidelines mentioned in the Style Guide. Captions should allow people watching your video without sound to be able to experience the same emotions. Do not break a person's name nor a title from the name with which it is associated. Music and other "atmospherics" should be included into your captions if they are part of the story being told. I hope this gave you better confidence about completing your application test for Rev. Portuguese Translation of "atmospherics" | The official Collins English-Portuguese Dictionary online. Your transcription test sample will contain an audio of a conversation between a man and a woman, explaining some common questions beginners may have with Rev.com, such as how they got started or how much you get paid. There are no suggestions because the search field is empty. Featured caption: [indistinct chatter continues]. 0 The entire interaction takes place through jailhouse glass. Uncaptioned version. DVD. These captions, along with (drumroll), describe the title sequence music for 20th Century Fox. Sounds may be more complex than a simple stop caption may suggest. When a word is spoken phonetically, caption it the way it is commonly written. D) intermediary. This caption is paired with [indistinct chatter], which precedes the continues caption by eleven seconds. Netflix. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: Inception, 2010. The featured captions attempt to capture the ambient sounds of the NYC subway: [INDISTINCT TALKING OVER P.A.] Monk and the Airplane, 2002. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: Argo, 2012. << /Page DVD. These Sometimes the agent cant (and shouldnt) be identified, as when the driver of an approaching car is intended to be mystery in this sequence: (car approaching), (tires squealing), and then (car turns off ). April 3, 2022 Uncategorized. In the third and fourth appearance of [Voices Chattering], the two orphan kids feature prominently, linking the ghostly voices to the ghostly kids. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: The Order, 2003. Sentences. The subtle keynote sounds of the subway in an episode from the TV show Castle, for example, create atmosphere and dramatic tension. New Freelancer Onboarding. In order to prepare the soundtrack of a movie for cable broadcast on American television, the soundtrack must be sanitized. So the key here is to do your very best! You will learn how these moneymaking ways work, discover some tips to earn more money, and know how to avoid online scams. Nonessential information that needs special emphasis should be conveyed by double hyphens or a single long dash. The aim of this research is to focus on how important is servicescape in terms of atmospherics in UK restaurant industry that impacts consumer's perception and attitudes to buy this service. Find the Dash User Guide here. When a person is thinking or dreaming, place the italicized caption(s) above the speaker's head and add a description in brackets, such as the word "thinking," above the captioned thoughts. 0 There are specific guidelines in the Style Guide that Rev wants you to follow when formatting your work. /ca In a movie montage, speech and ambient sounds take a back seat to music and the dynamic interplay of images. So thats pretty much going to wrap up everything you need to know as you take the application to become a transcriptionist or captioner for Rev.com. endobj 1. IMAGINE ALL THE PEOPLE or # IMAGINE ALL THE PEOPLE. Which statement is true about syncing Rev captions? The process is metaphorically closer to turning off a ceiling fan than a car engine. For example, in the 2007 movie The Mad, which I recorded on the basic cable channel Chiller, the curse words are deleted from the soundtrack, leaving quick bursts of silence behind. Help Center. Send him an email (zdenek@udel.edu) or follow him on Twitter (seanzdenek). We calculate one such effect, involving the "axion electrodynamics" relevant to topological insulators, quantitatively, and identify a signature for T violating superconductivity. Featured caption: ( no audio ). Peppy (Brnice Bejo) embraces George (Jean Dujardin) in a close-up over-the-shoulder shot from The Artist. Featured caption: [tempo slows, music fades]. When an actor is portraying another person or character, identify the actor as the person being portrayed. Zero Dark Thirty (2012), a military drama about the hunt to find Osama Bin Laden, contains seven references to passing, including three consecutive passing captions: (HELICOPTER PASSING OVERHEAD), (VEHICLES PASSING), and (VEHICLES PASSING). DVD. Whats the Video or Audio Inside the Test? Hulu. As always 100% of all the revenue off this channel goes towards running Beast Philanthropy and doing more good like this! This caption is paired with [indistinct chatter]. Here are some examples : Here's one of our clips to help you along. Featured caption: (INAUDIBLE). Featured caption: [ Mouthing Words ]. Cable TV. A sense of dimension is a key characteristic that separates professional mixes from amateur ones. What was fully audible in a continues caption, for example, is now fully muted in a stop caption. When a person is thinking or dreaming, place the italicized caption (s) above the speaker's head and add a description in brackets, such as the word "thinking," above the captioned thoughts. The Haas' George and Edna Siddall; Edward and Carolyn Haas; Anna and Adam Bednarek To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: The Happening, 2008. The timestamps for the five captions are: 0:02:48, 0:09:18, 0:16:29, 0:17:16, and 0:26:58. The UK has seen a 7. 405 DVD. #TheArtist-silencecontinues { max-width: 640px; max-height: 478px; }, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 videoSource: The Artist, 2011. DCMP partners with top creators and distributors of educational content. In Montage Overload, Steve McCutchen catalogs and analyzes all of the montage and musical sequences in Rocky IV, concluding that Nearly one-third of the entire movie is montage / musical numbers. McCutchen rightly calls this statistic Absolutely incredible. Rocky IV actually contains two training montages. Featured caption: [ Mouthing Words ]. We recommend playing back your video in our system with the text track enabled and jumping to a few random spots to make sure the text track is in sync. 0 /Type Blu-Ray. The entire clip is spoken in the aliens own guttural language. Answered October 3, 2019. Once the transcript is created, the document goes through rigorous quality-control channels. These self-paced online learning modules cover the topics of transition, note taking, and learning about audio description. >> A different similar-sounding word might make better sense. But sounds can also be described in terms of their changing value or intensity inside a single caption. Example 3: a speaker starts offscreen but then moves on-screen during the scene. WGNn!nvP=o@!@v@HGRvuSx-, 9h`m38s%YIqv0C&%0)"'-;V38;E When it comes to choosing which sounds to layer with each other, thats where you get to flex your creativity. Song titles and artists names are never captioned, nor do the captions ever indicate when speech (moving lips) has been silenced by montage music. Atmosphere encompasses all the senses of the customer, excluding taste, Thus, it is the influencing of what customers see, hear, smell and touch. /JavaScript Montage sequences, which may include silenced speech, can also prove challenging to caption. 0 Starbucks prides itself as the largest coffee house in the world with various local operations around USA. Colour Psychologically speaking, people attribute certain emotions to colours. 720 rev atmospherics examples. %PDF-1.4 DVD. Copyright 2023 Described and Captioned Media Program. Or, perhaps you envision somewhere more abstract, like inside a fur-lined submarine. DVD. ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((